Vinaya Pitaka - Monastic Rules
Bhikkhu Vibhanga - Nissaggiya Pācittiya 29: The Training Rule on What is Dangerous.
- Translated from the Pali by Brahmali Bhikkhu.
Origin story
1
At one time the Buddha, the Master, was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery. At that time monks who had completed the rains residence were staying in wilderness lodgings. Thieves who were active during the month of Kattika attacked the monks, thinking, “They have obtained things."
The monks informed the Master. The Master then spoke on the Dhamma and addressed the monks: “Monks, I allow monks who are staying in wilderness lodgings to store one of their three robes in an inhabited area."
2 Knowing that the Master had made this allowance, monks stored one of their three robes in inhabited areas, and they stayed apart from them for more than six days. Those robes were lost, destroyed, burnt, and eaten by rats. As a consequence the monks became poorly dressed and wore shabby robes. Other monks asked them why they were so poorly dressed, and they informed them about what had happened. The monks of few desires complained and criticised them: “How can those monks store one of their three robes in an inhabited area and then stay apart from it for more than six days?"
3 After criticising those monks in many ways, they informed the Master. … “Is it true, monks, that monks are storing one of their three robes in an inhabited area and then stay apart from it for more than six days?" “It’s true, Master." The Buddha, the Master, criticised them: “ … Monks, how can those foolish men store one of their three robes in an inhabited area and then stay apart from it for more than six days? This will not give rise to confidence in those without it … And, monks, this training rule should be recited thus:
Final ruling
4 “After observing the Kattika full moon that ends the rainy season, a monk who is staying in wilderness lodgings considered dangerous and frightening may store one of his three robes in an inhabited area, if he so desires, so long as he has a reason for staying apart from that robe. He should stay apart from that robe for at most six days. If he stays apart from it beyond that, unless he has the permission of the monks, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession."
Definitions
5 After observing: after completing the rainy season.
6The full moon that ends the rainy season: the fourth full moon of the rainy season in the month of Kattika is so called.
7Wilderness lodgings: it is called a wilderness lodging if it is at least one kilometre away from any inhabited area. The text reads ‘five hundred bow-lengths’, pañcadhanusatikaṃ. One bow length, according to Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit English Dictionary (SED), is equivalent to four hatthas (s.v. dhanu), often translated as ‘cubits’. (The hattha, again according to SED (s.v. hasta), is equivalent to 24 aṅgulis or finger-breadths.) Following Bhikkhu Ṭhanissaro’s suggestions in Buddhist Monastic Code 1"> , one cubit is approximately 50 centimetres, which means five hundred bow-lengths add up to about one kilometre.
8 Dangerous: in a monastery, or in the vicinity of a monastery, thieves have been seen camped, eating, standing, seated, or lying down.
9Frightening: in a monastery, or in the vicinity of a monastery, thieves have been seen injuring, robbing, or beating people.
10A monk who is staying (in such lodgings): a monk who is staying in that kind of lodgings.
11If he so desires: if he so wishes.
12One of his three robes: the outer robe, the upper robe, or the lower robe.
13May store [ … ] in an inhabited area: may store it anywhere in his alms village.
14So long as he has a reason for staying apart from that robe: if there is a reason, if there is something to be done.
15He should stay apart from that robe for at most six days: he should stay apart from it for six days at the most.
16Unless he has the permission of the monks: except if the monks have given permission.
17If he stays apart from it beyond that: at dawn on the seventh day, the robe becomes subject to relinquishment.
The robe is to be relinquished to a Sangha, a group, or an individual. “And, monks, it is to be relinquished in this way. … To be expanded as in Nissaggiya Pācittiya 1, verses 13 to 17 with appropriate substitutions. … ‘Bhante, this robe which I have stayed apart from for more than six days without permission from the monks is to be relinquished. I relinquish it to the Sangha.’ … the Sangha should give … the Venerables should give … “I give this robe back to the Venerable."
Permutations
18If it is more than six days and he perceives it as more, and he stays apart from it, unless he has the permission of the monks, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession. If it is more than six days, but he has doubts about it, and he stays apart from it, unless he has the permission of the monks, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession. If it is more than six days, but he does not perceives it as more, and he stays apart from it, unless he has the permission of the monks, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession.
If the determination is not given up, but he perceives it as given up … If it is not given away, but he perceives it as given away … If it is not lost, but he perceives it as lost … If it is not destroyed, but he perceives it as destroyed … If it is not burnt, but he perceives it as burnt … If it is not stolen, but he perceives it as stolen, and he stays apart from it, unless he has the permission of the monks, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession.
19If he uses a robe which is to be relinquished without first relinquishing it, he commits an offence of bad conduct. If it is less than six days, but he perceives it as more, he commits an offence of bad conduct. If it is less than six days, but he has doubts about it, he commits an offence of bad conduct. If it is less than six days and he perceives it as less, there is no offence.
Non-offences
20There is no offence: if he stays apart from the robe for six days; if he stays apart from the robe for less than six days; if, after staying apart from it for six days, he stays within the village boundary and then departs; if within the six days he gives up the determination, it is given away, lost, destroyed, burnt, stolen, or taken on trust; if he has the permission of the monks; if he is insane; if he is the first offender.
21The ninth rule, the training rule on what is dangerous, is finished.
1 tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū vutthavassā āraññakesu senāsanesu viharanti. kattikacorakā bhikkhū— "laddhalābhā"ti paripātenti. bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi— "anujānāmi, bhikkhave, āraññakesu senāsanesu viharantena tiṇṇaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ antaraghare nikkhipitun"ti.
2 tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū— "bhagavatā anuññātaṃ āraññakesu senāsanesu viharantena tiṇṇaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ antaraghare nikkhipitun"ti tiṇṇaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ antaraghare nikkhipitvā atirekachārattaṃ vippavasanti. tāni cīvarāni nassantipi vinassantipi ḍayhantipi undūrehipi khajjanti. bhikkhū duccoḷā honti lūkhacīvarā. bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu— "kissa tumhe, āvuso, duccoḷā lūkhacīvarā"ti? atha kho te bhikkhū bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. ye te bhikkhū appicchā … pe … te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— "kathañhi nāma bhikkhū tiṇṇaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ antaraghare nikkhipitvā atirekachārattaṃ vippavasissantī"ti.
3 atha kho te bhikkhū te anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ … pe … "saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū tiṇṇaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ antaraghare nikkhipitvā atirekachārattaṃ vippavasantī"ti? "saccaṃ, bhagavā"ti. vigarahi buddho bhagavā … pe … kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā tiṇṇaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ antaraghare nikkhipitvā atirekachārattaṃ vippavasissanti. netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya … pe … evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha—
4 "upavassaṃ kho pana kattikapuṇṇamaṃ yāni kho pana tāni āraññakāni senāsanāni sāsankasammatāni sappaṭibhayāni tathārūpesu bhikkhu senāsanesu viharanto ākankhamāno tiṇṇaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ antaraghare nikkhipeyya, siyā ca tassa bhikkhuno kocideva paccayo tena cīvarena vippavāsāya. chārattaparamaṃ tena bhikkhunā tena cīvarena vippavasitabbaṃ. tato ce uttari vippavaseyya, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyan"ti. (29:48)
5 upavassaṃ kho panāti vuṭṭhavassānaṃ.
6 kattikapuṇṇamanti kattikacātumāsinī vuccati.
7 yāni kho pana tāni āraññakāni senāsanānīti āraññakaṃ nāma senāsanaṃ pañcadhanusatikaṃ pacchimaṃ.
8 sāsankaṃ nāma ārāme ārāmūpacāre corānaṃ niviṭṭhokāso dissati, bhuttokāso dissati, ṭhitokāso dissati, nisinnokāso dissati, nipannokāso dissati.
9 sappaṭibhayaṃ nāma ārāme ārāmūpacāre corehi manussā hatā dissanti, viluttā dissanti, ākoṭitā dissanti.
10 tathārūpesu bhikkhu senāsanesu viharantoti evarūpesu bhikkhu senāsanesu viharanto.
12 tiṇṇaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaranti sanghāṭiṃ vā uttarāsangaṃ vā antaravāsakaṃ vā.
13 antaraghare nikkhipeyyāti samantā gocaragāme nikkhipeyya.
14 siyā ca tassa bhikkhuno kocideva paccayo tena cīvarena vippavāsāyāti siyā paccayo siyā karaṇīyaṃ.
15 chārattaparamaṃ tena bhikkhunā tena cīvarena vippavasitabbanti chārattaparamatā vippavasitabbaṃ.
16 aññatra bhikkhusammutiyāti ṭhapetvā bhikkhusammutiṃ.
17 tato ce uttari vippavaseyyāti sattame aruṇuggamane nissaggiyaṃ hoti. nissajjitabbaṃ sanghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ … pe … idaṃ me, bhante, cīvaraṃ atirekachārattaṃ vippavutthaṃ, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṃ. imāhaṃ sanghassa nissajjāmīti … pe … dadeyyāti … pe … dadeyyunti … pe … āyasmato dammīti.
18 atirekachāratte atirekasaññī vippavasati, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. atirekachāratte vematiko vippavasati, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. atirekachāratte ūnakasaññī vippavasati, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. appaccuddhaṭe paccuddhaṭasaññī … pe … avissajjite vissajjitasaññī … anaṭṭhe naṭṭhasaññī … avinaṭṭhe vinaṭṭhasaññī … adaḍḍhe daḍḍhasaññī … avilutte viluttasaññī vippavasati, aññatra bhikkhusammutiyā, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
19 nissaggiyaṃ cīvaraṃ anissajjitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. ūnakachāratte atirekasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. ūnakachāratte vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. ūnakachāratte ūnakasaññī, anāpatti.
20 anāpatti— chārattaṃ vippavasati, ūnakachārattaṃ vippavasati, chārattaṃ vippavasitvā puna gāmasīmaṃ okkamitvā vasitvā pakkamati, antochārattaṃ paccuddharati, vissajjeti, nassati, vinassati, ḍayhati, acchinditvā gaṇhanti, vissāsaṃ gaṇhanti, bhikkhusammutiyā, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.