Vinaya Pitaka - Monastic Rules
Bhikkhu Vibhanga - Pāṭidesanīya 4: Not to eat the food offered by donors whom one has not previously warned of an existing danger in the area.
- Translated from the Pali by I.B. Horner.
… among the Sakyans at Kapilavatthu in the Banyan monastery. Now at that time the slaves of the Sakyans came to be out of hand. Sakyan women wanted to make a meal in jungle lodgings. The slaves of the Sakyans heard that Sakyan women were desirous of making a meal in jungle lodgings. They infested the way. Sakyan women, taking sumptuous solid food, soft food, went off to a jungle lodging. The slaves of the Sakyans, having issued forth, robbed the Sakyan women and violated them. The Sakyans, having issued forth, having seized these thieves together with the goods, looked down upon, criticised, spread it about, saying:
"How can these revered sirs not announce that thieves are living in the monastery?" Monks heard the Sakyans who … spread it about … Then these monks told this matter to the lord. Then the lord on this occasion, in this connection, having given reasoned talk, addressed the monks, saying:
On account of this, monks, I will lay down a rule of training founded on ten reasons: for the excellence of the Order … for following the rules of restraint. And thus, monks, this rule of training should be set forth:
"Whatever are those jungle lodgings that are held to be dangerous, frightening, whatever monk in such lodgings, not announced beforehand, having accepted solid food or soft food within a monastery with his own hand, should eat it or partake of it, it should be confessed by that monk, saying: ‘I have fallen, your reverences, into a blameworthy matter, unbecoming, which ought to be confessed; I confess it.’"
And thus this rule of training for monks came to be kid down by the lord.
Now at that time a certain monk came to be ill in a jungle lodging. People, taking solid food or soft food set out for the jungle lodging. Then these people spoke thus to this monk: "Eat, honoured sir." Then that monk, thinking: "It is forbidden by the lord, having accepted in a jungle lodging solid food or soft food with one’s own hand, to eat it, to partake of it," being scrupulous, did not accept it; he was unable to enter for almsfood, he became famished. Then this monk told this matter to the monks. The monks told this matter to the lord. Then the lord, on this occasion, in this connection, having given reasoned talk, addressed the monks, saying:
"I allow, monks, an ill monk, having accepted in a jungle lodging solid food or soft food with his own hand, to eat it, to partake of it. And thus, monks, this rule of training should be set forth:
"Whatever are those jungle lodgings that are held to be dangerous, frightening, whatever monk in such
lodgings, not announced beforehand, having accepted solid food or soft food within a monastery with his own hand, should eat it or partake of it if he is not ill, it should be confessed by that monk, saying: ‘I have fallen, your reverences, into a blameworthy matter, unbecoming, which ought to be confessed; I confess it.’"
Those jungle lodgings means: the last lodging called "jungle" is five hundred dhanus measures (away from the village).
Dangerous means: if, in a monastery, in the precincts of a monastery, a place where thieves are halting is seen, a place where they are eating is seen, a place where they are resting is seen, a place where they are sitting down is seen, a place where they are lying down is seen.
Frightening means: if, in a monastery, in the precincts of a monastery, people injured by thieves are seen, (people) plundered are seen, (people) beaten down are seen.
Whatever means: monk is to be understood in this case.
In such lodgings as those means: in lodgings like those.
Not announced means: there is "announced" in five (ways but) this means not announced. Setting aside a monastery, the precincts of a monastery (as) announced, this is called not announced.
Announced means: whatever woman or man having come to a monastery, to the precincts of a monastery, declares: ‘Honoured sirs, they will convey solid food, soft food for so and so,’ if it becomes dangerous it should be pointed out that it is dangerous, if it becomes frightening it should be pointed out that it is frightening. If he speaks, saying: ‘Let him be, honoured sir, he will convey it,’ the thieves should be told:’ People are serving here, go away.’
If it is announced in regard to conjey that the ingredients may be conveyed for that, this is called announced. If it is announced in regard to a meal that the ingredients may be conveyed for that, this is called announced. If it is announced in regard to solid food that the ingredients may be conveyed for that, this is called announced. If it is announced in regard to a family, the person who of that family conveys solid food or soft food, this is called announced. If it is announced in regard to a village, the person who in that village conveys solid food or soft food, this is called announced. If it is announced in regard to a guild, the person who in that guild conveys solid food or soft food, this is called announced.
Solid food means: … soft food means: … meat.
Within a monastery means: when a monastery is fenced in, inside a monastery; the precincts when it is not fenced in.
Not ill means: he is able to walk for almsfood.
Ill means: he is not able to walk for almsfood.
If it is not announced, if he is not ill (and) accepts it, thinking: "I will eat, I will partake of," there is an offence of wrong-doing. For every mouthful there is an offence which ought to be confessed.
If he thinks that it is not announced when it is not announced (and) having accepted solid food or soft food with his own hand within the monastery when he is not ill, eats it or partakes of it, there is an offence which ought to be confessed. If he is in doubt as to whether it is not announced … If he thinks that it is announced when it is not announced … ought to be confessed. If he accepts for the sake of nutriment (food to be eaten) during a watch of the night, during seven days, during life, there is an offence of wrong-doing. For every mouthful there is an offence of wrong-doing. If he thinks that it is not announced when it is announced, there is an offence of wrong-doing. If he is in doubt as to whether it is announced, there is an offence of wrongdoing. If he thinks that it is announced when it is announced, there is no offence.
There is no offence if it is announced, if he is ill; if he eats the remainder of (a meal) if it was announced or of one who was ill; if having accepted it outside the monastery he makes use of it inside the monastery; if he makes use of a root or bark, or a leaf or a flower or a fruit growing there; if when there is a reason he makes use of (food to be eaten) during a watch of the night, during seven days, during life; if he is mad, if he is the first wrong-doer.
Venerable ones, recited are the four rules for offences which ought to be confessed. Concerning them, I ask the venerable ones: I hope that you are quite pure in this matter? And a second time I ask: I hope that you are quite pure in this matter? And a third time I ask: I hope that you are quite pure in this matter? The venerable ones are quite pure in this matter, therefore they are silent; thus do I understand this.
1 tena samayena buddho bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. tena kho pana samayena sākiyadāsakā avaruddhā honti. sākiyāniyo icchanti āraññakesu senāsanesu bhattaṃ kātuṃ. assosuṃ kho sākiyadāsakā— "sākiyāniyo kira āraññakesu senāsanesu bhattaṃ kattukāmā"ti. te magge pariyuṭṭhiṃsu. sākiyāniyo paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ ādāya āraññakaṃ senāsanaṃ agamaṃsu. sākiyadāsakā nikkhamitvā sākiyāniyo acchindiṃsu ca dūsesuñca. sākiyā nikkhamitvā te core sabhaṇḍe gahetvā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— "kathañhi nāma bhadantā ārāme core paṭivasante nārocessantī"ti.
2 assosuṃ kho bhikkhū sākiyānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi— "tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapessāmi dasa atthavase paṭicca saṇghasuṭṭhutāya … pe … evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha—
3 "yāni kho pana tāni āraññakāni senāsanāni sāsankasammatāni sappaṭibhayāni, yo pana bhikkhu tathārūpesu senāsanesu pubbe appaṭisaṃviditaṃ khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā ajjhārāme sahatthā paṭiggahetvā khādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā, paṭidesetabbaṃ tena bhikkhunā— ‘gārayhaṃ, āvuso, dhammaṃ āpajjiṃ asappāyaṃ pāṭidesanīyaṃ taṃ paṭidesemī’"ti.
4 evañcidaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ hoti.
5 tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu āraññakesu senāsanesu gilāno hoti. manussā khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā ādāya āraññakaṃ senāsanaṃ agamaṃsu. atha kho te manussā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ— "bhuñjatha, bhante"ti. atha kho so bhikkhu— "bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṃ āraññakesu senāsanesu khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā sahatthā paṭiggahetvā khādituṃ bhuñjitun"ti kukkuccāyanto na paṭiggahesi, nāsakkhi piṇḍāya carituṃ, chinnabhatto ahosi.
6 atha kho so bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi— "anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānena bhikkhunā āraññakesu senāsanesu pubbe appaṭisaṃviditaṃ khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā sahatthā paṭiggahetvā khādituṃ bhuñjituṃ. evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha—
7 "yāni kho pana tāni āraññakāni senāsanāni sāsankasammatāni sappaṭibhayāni, yo pana bhikkhu tathārūpesu senāsanesu pubbe appaṭisaṃviditaṃ khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā ajjhārāme sahatthā paṭiggahetvā agilāno khādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā, paṭidesetabbaṃ tena bhikkhunā— ‘gārayhaṃ, āvuso, dhammaṃ āpajjiṃ asappāyaṃ pāṭidesanīyaṃ, taṃ paṭidesemī’"ti. (4:145)
8 yāni kho pana tāni āraññakāni senāsanānīti āraññakaṃ nāma senāsanaṃ pañcadhanusatikaṃ pacchimaṃ.
9 sāsankaṃ nāma ārāme ārāmūpacāre corānaṃ niviṭṭhokāso dissati, bhuttokāso dissati, ṭhitokāso dissati, nisinnokāso dissati, nipannokāso dissati.
10 sappaṭibhayaṃ nāma ārāme ārāmūpacāre corehi manussā hatā dissanti, viluttā dissanti, ākoṭitā dissanti.
11 yo panāti yo yādiso … pe … bhikkhūti … pe … ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
12 tathārūpesu senāsanesūti evarūpesu senāsanesu.
13 appaṭisaṃviditaṃ nāma pañcannaṃ paṭisaṃviditaṃ, etaṃ appaṭisaṃviditaṃ nāma. ārāmaṃ ārāmūpacāraṃ ṭhapetvā paṭisaṃviditaṃ, etaṃ appaṭisaṃviditaṃ nāma.
14 paṭisaṃviditaṃ nāma yo koci itthī vā puriso vā ārāmaṃ ārāmūpacāraṃ āgantvā āroceti— "itthannāmassa, bhante, khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā āharissantī"ti. sace sāsankaṃ hoti, sāsankanti ācikkhitabbaṃ; sace sappaṭibhayaṃ hoti, sappaṭibhayanti ācikkhitabbaṃ; sace— "hotu, bhante, āhariyissatī"ti bhaṇati, corā vattabbā— "manussā idhūpacaranti apasakkathā"ti. yāguyā paṭisaṃvidite tassā parivāro āhariyyati, etaṃ paṭisaṃviditaṃ nāma. bhattena paṭisaṃvidite tassa parivāro āhariyyati, etaṃ paṭisaṃviditaṃ nāma. khādanīyena paṭisaṃvidite tassa parivāro āhariyyati, etaṃ paṭisaṃviditaṃ nāma. kulena paṭisaṃvidite yo tasmiṃ kule manusso khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā āharati, etaṃ paṭisaṃviditaṃ nāma. gāmena paṭisaṃvidite yo tasmiṃ gāme manusso khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā āharati, etaṃ paṭisaṃviditaṃ nāma. pūgena paṭisaṃvidite yo tasmiṃ pūge manusso khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā āharati, etaṃ paṭisaṃviditaṃ nāma.
15 khādanīyaṃ nāma pañca bhojanāni— yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ khādanīyaṃ nāma.
16 bhojanīyaṃ nāma pañca bhojanāni— odano, kummāso, sattu, maccho, maṃsaṃ.
17 ajjhārāmo nāma parikkhittassa ārāmassa antoārāmo. aparikkhittassa upacāro.
18 agilāno nāma sakkoti piṇḍāya carituṃ.
19 gilāno nāma na sakkoti piṇḍāya carituṃ.
20 appaṭisaṃviditaṃ agilāno "khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī"ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pāṭidesanīyassa.
21 appaṭisaṃvidite appaṭisaṃviditasaññī khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā ajjhārāme sahatthā paṭiggahetvā agilāno khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pāṭidesanīyassa. appaṭisaṃvidite vematiko khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā ajjhārāme sahatthā paṭiggahetvā agilāno khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pāṭidesanīyassa. appaṭisaṃvidite paṭisaṃviditasaññī khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā ajjhārāme sahatthā paṭiggahetvā agilāno khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pāṭidesanīyassa.
22 yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ āhāratthāya paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti dukkaṭassa. paṭisaṃvidite appaṭisaṃviditasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. paṭisaṃvidite vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. paṭisaṃvidite paṭisaṃviditasaññī, anāpatti.
23 anāpatti— paṭisaṃvidite, gilānassa, paṭisaṃvidite vā gilānassa vā sesakaṃ bhuñjati, bahārāme paṭiggahetvā antoārāme bhuñjati, tattha jātakaṃ mūlaṃ vā tacaṃ vā pattaṃ vā pupphaṃ vā phalaṃ vā bhuñjati, yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ sati paccaye paribhuñjati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
24 catutthapāṭidesanīyasikkhāpadaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.
25 uddiṭṭhā kho, āyasmanto, cattāro pāṭidesanīyā dhammā. tatthāyasmante pucchāmi— "kaccittha parisuddhā"? dutiyampi pucchāmi— "kaccittha parisuddhā"? tatiyampi pucchāmi— "kaccittha parisuddhā"? parisuddhetthāyasmanto, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmīti.