… at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove at the squirrels’ feeding-place. Now at that time in Rājagaha a group of seventeen boys were friends; of these the youth Upāli was the chief. Then it occurred to Upāli’s parents: "By what means could Upāli, after our demise, live at ease and not be in want?" Then it occurred to Upāli’s parents: "If Upāli should learn writing, so would Upāli, after our demise, live at ease and not be in want." Then it occurred to Upāli’s parents: "But if Upāli learns writing, his fingers will become painful. If Upāli should learn calculation, so would Upāli, after our demise, live at ease and not be in want." Then it occurred to Upāli’s parents: "But if Upāli learns calculation, his breast will become painful. If Upāli should learn money-changing, so would Upāli, after our demise, live at ease and not be in want." Then it occurred to Upāli’s parents: "But if Upāli learns money-changing, his eyes will become painful. Now there are these recluses, sons of the Sakyans, pleasant in habit, pleasant in conduct; having eaten good meals they lie down on beds sheltered from the wind. Now if Upāli should go forth among the recluses, the sons of the Sakyans, so would Upāli, after our demise, live at ease and not be in want."

The boy Upāli heard this conversation of (his) parents. Then the boy Upāli approached those boys, and having approached he spoke thus to those boys: "Come, masters, we will go forth among the recluses, sons of the Sakyans."

"If you, master, will go forth, we likewise will also go forth."

Then these boys, having each approached (his) parents, spoke thus:

"Consent that I may go forth from home into homelessness."

Then the parents of those boys consented, thinking: "All these boys desire the same thing, they are bent on what is good." These, having approached monks, asked for the going forth. The monks let them go forth, they conferred the upasampadā ordination on them. Getting up in the night towards dawn, these cried out:

"Give conjey, give rice, give solid food."

The monks spoke thus: "Wait, your reverences, until it turns light." Should there be conjey, you shall drink it; should there be rice, you shall partake of it; should there be solid food, you shall eat it. But should there not be conjey or rice or solid food, having walked for alms, you shall eat."

But those monks, being spoken to thus by the monks, cried out just the same: "Give conjey, give rice, give solid food," and they soiled the bedding and made it wet.

The lord, getting up in the night towards the dawn, heard the noise of the boys, and hearing (it) he addressed the venerable Ānanda, saying:

"Why ever, Ānanda, is there this noise of boys?"

Then the venerable Ānanda told this matter to the lord. Then the lord, on this occasion, in this connection, having had the Order of monks convened, questioned the monks, saying:

"Is it true, as is said, monks, that monks knowingly conferred the upasampadā ordination on an individual under twenty years of age?"

"It is true, lord."

The enlightened one, the lord, rebuked them, saying: "How, monks, can these foolish men knowingly confer the upasampadā, ordination on an individual under twenty years of age? Monks, an individual under twenty years of age is not able to endure cold, heat, hunger, thirst, contact with gadflies, mosquitoes, wind and sun, creeping things, abusive hurtful language; he is not the kind (of person) who endures bodily feelings which, arising, are painful, acute, sharp, shooting, disagreeable, miserable, deadly. But, monks, an individual of twenty years of age is able to endure cold, heat … miserable, deadly. Monks, this is not for pleasing those who are not (yet) pleased … And thus, monks, this rule of training should be set forth:

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"Whatever monk should knowingly confer the upasampadā ordination on an individual under twenty years of age, both that individual is not ordained and these monks are blameworthy; this is for him an offence of expiation."

Whatever means: … monk is to be understood in this case.

He knows means: either he knows by himself or others tell him or (someone) tells (him).

Under twenty years of age means: not attained to twenty years of age.

If he thinks, "I will confer the upasampadā ordination," (and) looks about for a group or for a teacher or for a bowl or for a robe, or if he determines a boundary, there is an offence of wrong-doing. As a result of the motion there is an offence of wrong-doing; as a result of two proclamations there are offences of wrong-doing. At the end of the proclamations, there is an offence of expiation for the preceptor, an offence of wrong-doing for the group and for the teacher.

If he thinks that he is under twenty years of age when he is under twenty years of age, (and) confers the upasampadā ordination (on him), there is an offence of expiation. If he is in doubt as to whether he is under twenty years of age, and confers the upasampadā ordination (on him), there is an offence of wrong-doing. If he thinks that he has completed twenty years of age when he is under twenty years of age, (and) confers the upasampadā ordination (on him), there is no offence. If he thinks that he is under twenty years of age when he has completed twenty years of age, there is an offence of wrong-doing. If he is in doubt as to whether he has completed twenty years of age there is an offence of wrong-doing. If he thinks that he has completed twenty years of age when he has completed twenty years of age, there is no offence.

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There is no offence if he confers the upasampadā ordination on one under twenty years of age thinking that he has completed twenty years of age; if he confers the upasampadā ordination on one who has completed twenty years of age thinking that they are completed; if he is mad, if he is the first wrong-doer.

The Fifth

1 tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. tena kho pana samayena rājagahe sattarasavaggiyā dārakā sahāyakā honti. upālidārako tesaṃ pāmokkho hoti. atha kho upālissa mātāpitūnaṃ etadahosi—  "kena nu kho upāyena upāli amhākaṃ accayena sukhañca jīveyya na ca kilameyyā"ti? atha kho upālissa mātāpitūnaṃ etadahosi—  "sace kho upāli lekhaṃ sikkheyya, evaṃ kho upāli amhākaṃ accayena sukhañca jīveyya, na ca kilameyyā"ti. atha kho upālissa mātāpitūnaṃ etadahosi—  "sace kho upāli lekhaṃ sikkhissati, anguliyo dukkhā bhavissanti. sace kho upāli gaṇanaṃ sikkheyya, evaṃ kho upāli amhākaṃ accayena sukhañca jīveyya na ca kilameyyā"ti. atha kho upālissa mātāpitūnaṃ etadahosi— "sace kho upāli gaṇanaṃ sikkhissati, urassa dukkho bhavissati. sace kho upāli rūpaṃ sikkheyya, evaṃ kho upāli amhākaṃ accayena sukhañca jīveyya na ca kilameyyā"ti. atha kho upālissa mātāpitūnaṃ etadahosi—  "sace kho upāli rūpaṃ sikkhissati, akkhīni dukkhā bhavissanti. ime kho samaṇā sakyaputtiyā sukhasīlā sukhasamācārā subhojanāni bhuñjitvā nivātesu sayanesu sayanti. sace kho upāli samaṇesu sakyaputtiyesu pabbajeyya, evaṃ kho upāli amhākaṃ accayena sukhañca jīveyya, na ca kilameyyā"ti.

2 assosi kho upālidārako mātāpitūnaṃ imaṃ kathāsallāpaṃ. atha kho upālidārako yena te dārakā tenupasankami; upasankamitvā te dārake etadavoca—  "etha mayaṃ, ayyā, samaṇesu sakyaputtiyesu pabbajissāmā"ti. "sace kho tvaṃ, ayya, pabbajissasi, evaṃ mayampi pabbajissāmā"ti. atha kho te dārakā ekamekassa mātāpitaro upasankamitvā etadavocuṃ—  "anujānātha maṃ agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā"ti. atha kho tesaṃ dārakānaṃ mātāpitaro—  "sabbepime dārakā samānacchandā kalyāṇādhippāyā"ti anujāniṃsu. te bhikkhū upasankamitvā pabbajjaṃ yāciṃsu. te bhikkhū pabbājesuṃ upasampādesuṃ. te rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya rodanti—  "yāguṃ detha, bhattaṃ detha, khādanīyaṃ dethā"ti. bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu—  "āgametha, āvuso, yāva ratti vibhāyati. sace yāgu bhavissati, pivissatha. sace bhattaṃ bhavissati, bhuñjissatha. sace khādanīyaṃ bhavissati, khādissatha. no ce bhavissati yāgu vā bhattaṃ vā khādanīyaṃ vā, piṇḍāya caritvā bhuñjissathā"ti. evampi kho te bhikkhū bhikkhūhi vuccamānā rodantiyeva— "yāguṃ detha, bhattaṃ detha, khādanīyaṃ dethā"ti. senāsanaṃ ūhadantipi ummihantipi.

3 assosi kho bhagavā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya dārakasaddaṃ. sutvāna āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi—  "kiṃ nu kho so, ānanda, dārakasaddo"ti? atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesi. atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṇghaṃ sannipātāpetvā bhikkhū paṭipucchi—  "saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū jānaṃ ūnavīsativassaṃ puggalaṃ upasampādentī"ti? "saccaṃ, bhagavā"ti. vigarahi buddho bhagavā … pe …   kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā jānaṃ ūnavīsativassaṃ puggalaṃ upasampādessanti. ūnakavīsativasso, bhikkhave, puggalo akkhamo hoti sītassa uṇhassa jighacchāya pipāsāya ḍaṃsa­makasa­vātātapa­sarīsapa­samphassānaṃ duruttānaṃ durāgatānaṃ vacanapathānaṃ uppannānaṃ sārīrikānaṃ vedanānaṃ dukkhānaṃ tibbānaṃ kharānaṃ kaṭukānaṃ asātānaṃ amanāpānaṃ pāṇaharānaṃ anadhivāsakajātiko hoti. vīsativassova kho, bhikkhave, puggalo khamo hoti sītassa uṇhassa … pe …   pāṇaharānaṃ adhivāsakajātiko hoti. netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya … pe …   evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha— 

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4 "yo pana bhikkhu jānaṃ ūnavīsativassaṃ puggalaṃ upasampādeyya, so ca puggalo anupasampanno, te ca bhikkhū gārayhā, idaṃ tasmiṃ pācittiyan"ti. (65:114)

5 yo panāti yo yādiso … pe … bhikkhūti … pe …   ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.

6 jānāti nāma sāmaṃ vā jānāti, aññe vā tassa ārocenti, so vā āroceti.

7 ūnavīsativasso nāma appattavīsativasso.

8 "upasampādessāmī"ti gaṇaṃ vā ācariyaṃ vā pattaṃ vā cīvaraṃ vā pariyesati, sīmaṃ vā sammannati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. ñattiyā dukkaṭaṃ. dvīhi kammavācāhi dukkaṭā. kammavācāpariyosāne upajjhāyassa āpatti pācittiyassa. gaṇassa ca ācariyassa ca āpatti dukkaṭassa.

9 ūnavīsativasse ūnavīsativassasaññī upasampādeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. ūnavīsativasse vematiko upasampādeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. ūnavīsativasse paripuṇṇavīsativassasaññī upasampādeti, anāpatti. paripuṇṇavīsativasse ūnavīsativassasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. paripuṇṇavīsativasse vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. paripuṇṇavīsativasse paripuṇṇavīsativassasaññī, anāpatti.

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10 anāpatti—  ūnavīsativassaṃ paripuṇṇavīsativassasaññī upasampādeti, paripuṇṇavīsativassaṃ paripuṇṇavīsativassasaññī upasampādeti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.

11 ūnavīsativassasikkhāpadaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ pañcamaṃ.