Vinaya Pitaka - Monastic Rules
Bhikkhu Vibhanga - Pācittiya 34: The Training Rule on Kāṇamātu.
- Translated from the Pali by Brahmali Bhikkhu.
Origin story
1
At one time the Buddha, the Master, was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery. At that time the female lay disciple Kāṇamātā had acquired faith and confidence. Now her daughter Kāṇā had been given in marriage to a man in a village.
On one occasion Kāṇā went to her mother’s house on some business. Then Kāṇā’s husband sent her a message: “Please come Kāṇā; I want you here." Kāṇamātā the lay disciple thought, “It’s shameful to go empty-handed," and she baked cakes. When the cakes were finished, a monk who was walking for alms entered Kāṇamātā’s house, and Kāṇamātā gave him cakes. After leaving, he informed another monk, and he too was given cakes. And the same happened a third time. At that all the cakes were used up.
2 A second time Kāṇā’s husband sent her the same message, and everything unfolded as before.
3 A third time he sent the same message, adding, “If Kāṇā doesn’t come, I will find another wife." But yet again all the cakes were given to monks. Kāṇā’s husband then found another wife.
4
And when Kāṇā heard what had happened, she cried.
Then, after dressing in the morning, the Master took his bowl and robe and went to Kāṇamātā’s house, where he sat down on a prepared seat. Kāṇamātā then approached the Master, paid homage to him, and sat down to one side. The Master then asked her why Kāṇā was crying, and she told him what had happened. Then, after instructing, inspiring, and gladdening her with a Dhamma talk, the Master rose from his seat and departed.
5
Around this time a certain caravan wanted to go south from Rājagaha. A monk who was walking for alms approached that caravan for the purpose of alms, and a lay disciple gave him barley-meal. After leaving, he informed another monk, and he too was given barley-meal. And the same happened a third time. At that all the barley-meal was used up.
Then that lay disciple said to the other people in the caravan: “Sirs, please wait one day, since the provisions that had been prepared have been given to the venerables. I will prepare more provisions."
“We cannot wait; the caravan has already set out." And they went.
That lay disciple then prepared provisions and followed after the caravan, but he was robbed by thieves. People then grumbled and complained: “How can the Sakyan ascetics receive without moderation? This man gave to them, and then because he was following after the caravan he was robbed by thieves."
6 Monks heard the complaints of those people, and they informed the Master. He then spoke on the Dhamma and addressed the monks: “Well then, monks, I will lay down a training rule for the monks for the following ten reasons: for the well-being of the Sangha, for the comfort of the Sangha … And, monks, this training rule should be recited thus:
Final ruling
7 “If a monk approaches a family and is invited to take cakes or pastries, he may accept two or three bowlfuls if he wishes. If he accepts more than that, he commits an offence entailing confession. If he accepts two or three bowlfuls, he should take it away and share it with the monks. This is the proper procedure."
Definitions
8 A monk approaches a family: there are four kinds of families: noble families, brahman families, merchant families, low-caste families.
9 Approaches: he has gone there.
10Cakes: whatever has been prepared for the purpose of sending away.
11Pastries: whatever has been prepared as provisions for a journey.
12Is invited to take: saying, “Take as many as you like."
13If he wishes: if he desires.
14He may accept two or three bowlfuls: two or three bowlfuls can be accepted.
15If he accepts more than that: if he receives more than that, he commit an offence entailing confession.
16If he accepts two or three bowlfuls: leaving that place and seeing a monk, he should inform him: “I have accepted two or three bowlfuls from such-and-such a place; don’t receive anything from there." If he sees a monk, but does not inform him, he commits an offence of bad conduct. If one who is informed accepts from there regardless, he commits an offence of bad conduct.
17He should take it away and share it with the monks: he should take it away when he returns and then share it.
18This is the proper procedure: this is the right method.
Permutations
19If it is more than two or three bowlfuls, and he perceives it as more, and he receives it, he commits an offence entailing confession. If it is more than two or three bowlfuls, but he has doubts about it, and he receives it, he commits an offence entailing confession. If it is more than two or three bowlfuls, but he perceives it as less, and he receives it, he commits an offence entailing confession.
20If it is less than two or three bowlfuls, but he perceives it as more, he commits an offence of bad conduct. If it is less than two or three bowlfuls, but he has doubts about it, he commits an offence of bad conduct. If it is less than two or three bowlfuls, and he perceives it as less, there is no offence.
Non-offences
21There is no offence: if he accepts two or three bowlfuls; if he accepts less than two or three bowlfuls; if they give anything that has not been prepared for sending away or for provisions for a journey; if they give the leftovers from what was prepared for sending away or for provisions for a journey; if the give after the plans to travel have been cancelled; if it is from relatives; if it is from those who have given an invitation; if it is for the benefit of someone else; if it is by means of his own property; if he is insane; if he is the first offender.
22The fourth rule, the training rule on Kāṇamātā, is finished.
1 tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. tena kho pana samayena kāṇamātā upāsikā saddhā hoti pasannā. kāṇā gāmake aññatarassa purisassa dinnā hoti. atha kho kāṇā mātugharaṃ agamāsi kenacideva karaṇīyena. atha kho kāṇāya sāmiko kāṇāya santike dūtaṃ pāhesi— "āgacchatu kāṇā, icchāmi kāṇāya āgatan"ti. atha kho kāṇamātā upāsikā "kismiṃ viya rittahatthaṃ gantun"ti pūvaṃ paci. pakke pūve aññataro piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu kāṇamātāya upāsikāya nivesanaṃ pāvisi. atha kho kāṇamātā upāsikā tassa bhikkhuno pūvaṃ dāpesi. so nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. tassapi pūvaṃ dāpesi. so nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. tassapi pūvaṃ dāpesi. yathāpaṭiyattaṃ pūvaṃ parikkhayaṃ agamāsi.
2 dutiyampi kho kāṇāya sāmiko kāṇāya santike dūtaṃ pāhesi— "āgacchatu kāṇā, icchāmi kāṇāya āgatan"ti. dutiyampi kho kāṇamātā upāsikā "kismiṃ viya rittahatthaṃ gantun"ti pūvaṃ paci. pakke pūve aññataro piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu kāṇamātāya upāsikāya nivesanaṃ pāvisi. atha kho kāṇamātā upāsikā tassa bhikkhuno pūvaṃ dāpesi. so nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. tassapi pūvaṃ dāpesi. so nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. tassapi pūvaṃ dāpesi. yathāpaṭiyattaṃ pūvaṃ parikkhayaṃ agamāsi.
3 tatiyampi kho kāṇāya sāmiko kāṇāya santike dūtaṃ pāhesi— "āgacchatu kāṇā, icchāmi kāṇāya āgataṃ. sace kāṇā nāgacchissati, ahaṃ aññaṃ pajāpatiṃ ānessāmī"ti. tatiyampi kho kāṇamātā upāsikā kismiṃ viya rittahatthaṃ gantunti pūvaṃ paci. pakke pūve aññataro piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu kāṇamātāya upāsikāya nivesanaṃ pāvisi. atha kho kāṇamātā upāsikā tassa bhikkhuno pūvaṃ dāpesi. so nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. tassapi pūvaṃ dāpesi. so nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. tassapi pūvaṃ dāpesi. yathāpaṭiyattaṃ pūvaṃ parikkhayaṃ agamāsi. atha kho kāṇāya sāmiko aññaṃ pajāpatiṃ ānesi.
4 assosi kho kāṇā— "tena kira purisena aññā pajāpati ānītā"ti. sā rodantī aṭṭhāsi. atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena kāṇamātāya upāsikāya nivesanaṃ tenupasankami; upasankamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. atha kho kāṇamātā upāsikā yena bhagavā tenupasankami; upasankamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho kāṇamātaraṃ upāsikaṃ bhagavā etadavoca— "kissāyaṃ kāṇā rodatī"ti? atha kho kāṇamātā upāsikā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesi. atha kho bhagavā kāṇamātaraṃ upāsikaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.
5 tena kho pana samayena aññataro sattho rājagahā paṭiyālokaṃ gantukāmo hoti. aññataro piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu taṃ satthaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. aññataro upāsako tassa bhikkhuno sattuṃ dāpesi. so nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. tassapi sattuṃ dāpesi. so nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. tassapi sattuṃ dāpesi. yathāpaṭiyattaṃ pātheyyaṃ parikkhayaṃ agamāsi. atha kho so upāsako te manusse etadavoca— "ajjaṇho, ayyā, āgametha, yathāpaṭiyattaṃ pātheyyaṃ ayyānaṃ dinnaṃ. pātheyyaṃ paṭiyādessāmī"ti. "nāyyo sakkā āgametuṃ, payāto sattho"ti agamaṃsu. atha kho tassa upāsakassa pātheyyaṃ paṭiyādetvā pacchā gacchantassa corā acchindiṃsu. manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— "kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā na mattaṃ jānitvā paṭiggahessanti. ayaṃ imesaṃ datvā pacchā gacchanto corehi acchinno"ti.
6 assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi— "tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapessāmi dasa atthavase paṭicca— saṇghasuṭṭhutāya, saṇghaphāsutāya … pe … vinayānuggahāya. evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha—
7 "bhikkhuṃ paneva kulaṃ upagataṃ pūvehi vā manthehi vā abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavāreyya, ākankhamānena bhikkhunā dvattipattapūrā paṭiggahetabbā tato ce uttari paṭiggaṇheyya pācittiyaṃ. dvattipattapūre paṭiggahetvā tato nīharitvā bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ saṃvibhajitabbaṃ. ayaṃ tattha sāmīcī"ti. (34:83)
8 bhikkhuṃ paneva kulaṃ upagatanti kulaṃ nāma cattāri kulāni— khattiyakulaṃ, brāhmaṇakulaṃ, vessakulaṃ, suddakulaṃ.
10 pūvaṃ nāma yaṃ kiñci paheṇakatthāya paṭiyattaṃ.
11 manthaṃ nāma yaṃ kiñci pātheyyatthāya paṭiyattaṃ.
12 abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavāreyyāti yāvatakaṃ icchasi tāvatakaṃ gaṇhāhīti.
13 ākankhamānenāti icchamānena.
14 dvattipattapūrā paṭiggahetabbāti dvetayo pattapūrā paṭiggahetabbā.
15 tato ce uttari paṭigaṇheyyāti tatuttari paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
16 dvattipattapūre paṭiggahetvā tato nikkhamantena bhikkhuṃ passitvā ācikkhitabbaṃ— "amutra mayā dvattipattapūrā paṭiggahitā, mā kho tattha paṭiggaṇhī"ti. sace passitvā na ācikkhati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. sace ācikkhite paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
17 tato nīharitvā bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ saṃvibhajitabbanti paṭikkamanaṃ nīharitvā saṃvibhajitabbaṃ.
18 ayaṃ tattha sāmīcīti ayaṃ tattha anudhammatā.
19 atirekadvattipattapūre atirekasaññī paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti pācittiyassa. atirekadvattipattapūre vematiko paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti pācittiyassa. atirekadvattipattapūre ūnakasaññī paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
20 ūnakadvattipattapūre atirekasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. ūnakadvattipattapūre vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. ūnakadvattipattapūre ūnakasaññī, anāpatti.
21 anāpatti— dvattipattapūre paṭiggaṇhāti, ūnakadvattipattapūre paṭiggaṇhāti, na paheṇakatthāya na pātheyyatthāya paṭiyattaṃ denti, paheṇakatthāya vā pātheyyatthāya vā paṭiyattasesakaṃ denti, gamane paṭippassaddhe denti, ñātakānaṃ pavāritānaṃ, aññassatthāya, attano dhanena, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.