Vinaya Pitaka - Monastic Rules
Bhikkhu Vibhanga - Pācittiya 16: The Training Rule on Encroaching.
- Translated from the Pali by Brahmali Bhikkhu.
Origin story
1
At one time the Buddha, the Master, was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery. At that time some monks belonging to the group of six took possession of the best sleeping places, but the senior monks made them move. They then thought: “Through what strategy may we dwell right here during the rainy season?" Then they arranged their sleeping places in a way that encroached on the senior monks, thinking, “Those who feel crowded will leave."
The monks of few desires … complained and criticised them: “How can those monks belonging to the group of six arrange their sleeping places in a way that encroaches upon the senior monks?"
2 After criticising those monks in many ways, they informed the Master. … “Is it true, monks, that you are doing this?" “It’s true, Master." The Buddha, the Master, criticised them: “ … Foolish men, how can you arrange your sleeping places in a way that encroaches on the senior monks? This will not give rise to confidence in those without it … And, monks, this training rule should be recited thus:
Final ruling
3 “If, in a dwelling belonging to the Sangha, a monk arranges his sleeping place in a way that encroaches on a monk that he knows arrived there before him, with the intention that anyone who feels crowded will leave, and he does so only for this reason and no other, he commits an offence entailing confession."
Definitions
4 A: whoever … Monk: … The monk who is ordained by a complete Sangha through a procedure of one motion and three announcements, which is unchallengeable and fit to stand; this sort of monk is meant in this case.
5 Belonging to the Sangha: a dwelling given to the Sangha, given up to the Sangha.
6 He knows: he knows that he is senior, he knows that he is sick, he knows that it was given to him by the Sangha.
7 Encroaches on: enters after.
8 Arranges his sleeping place: if he puts out his sleeping place in the vicinity of the bed, the bench, the entry way, or the departure way, he commits an offence of bad conduct. If he sits down or lies down on it, he commits an offence entailing confession.
9 He does so only for this reason and no other: there is no other reason for arranging the sleeping place in a way that encroaches.
Permutations
10If it belongs to the Sangha, and he perceives it as belonging to the Sangha, and he arranges his sleeping place in a way that encroaches, he commits an offence entailing confession. If it belongs to the Sangha, but he has doubts about it, and he arranges his sleeping place in a way that encroaches, he commits an offence entailing confession. If it belongs to the Sangha, but he perceives it as belonging to an individual, and he arranges his sleeping place in a way that encroaches, he commits an offence entailing confession.
11If he puts out his sleeping place, or get it put out, anywhere apart from the vicinity of the bed, the bench, the entry way, or the departure way, he commits an offence of bad conduct. If he sits down or lies down on it, he commits an offence of bad conduct. If he puts out his sleeping place, or gets it put out, in the vicinity of a dwelling, in an assembly-hall, under a roof-cover, at the foot of a tree, or in the open, he commits an offence of bad conduct. If he sits down or lies down on it, he commits an offence of bad conduct.
If it belongs to an individual, but he perceives it as belonging to the Sangha, he commits an offence of bad conduct. If it belongs to an individual, but has doubt about it, he commits an offence of bad conduct. If it belongs to an individual, and he perceives it as belonging to an individual, but that individual is not himself, he commits an offence of bad conduct. If it belongs to himself, there is no offence.
Non-offences
12There is no offence: if he enters because he is sick; if he enters because he is feeling cold or hot; if there are dangers; if he is insane; if he is the first offender.
13The sixth rule, the training rule on encroaching, is finished.
1 tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū varaseyyāyo palibundhenti, therā bhikkhū vuṭṭhāpenti. atha kho chabbaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi— "kena nu kho mayaṃ upāyena idheva vassaṃ vaseyyāmā"ti? atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū there bhikkhū anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappenti— "yassa sambādho bhavissati so pakkamissatī"ti. ye te bhikkhū appicchā … pe … te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— "kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū there bhikkhū anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappessantī"ti.
2 atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ … pe … "saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, there bhikkhū anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappethā"ti? "saccaṃ, bhagavā"ti. vigarahi buddho bhagavā … pe … kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, there bhikkhū anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappessatha. netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya … pe … evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha—
3 "yo pana bhikkhu saṇghike vihāre jānaṃ pubbupagataṃ bhikkhuṃ anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappeyya— yassa sambādho bhavissati so pakkamissatī’ti, etadeva paccayaṃ karitvā anaññaṃ, pācittiyan"ti. (16:65)
4 yo panāti yo yādiso … pe … bhikkhūti … pe … ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
5 saṇghiko nāma vihāro saṇghassa dinno hoti pariccatto.
6 jānāti nāma vuḍḍhoti jānāti, gilānoti jānāti, saṇghena dinnoti jānāti.
8 seyyaṃ kappeyyāti mañcassa vā pīṭhassa vā pavisantassa vā nikkhamantassa vā upacāre seyyaṃ santharati vā santharāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. abhinisīdati vā abhinipajjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
9 etadeva paccayaṃ karitvā anaññanti na añño koci paccayo hoti anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappetuṃ.
10 saṇghike saṇghikasaññī anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. saṇghike vematiko anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. saṇghike puggalikasaññī anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
11 mañcassa vā pīṭhassa vā pavisantassa vā nikkhamantassa vā upacāraṃ ṭhapetvā seyyaṃ santharati vā santharāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. abhinisīdati vā abhinipajjati vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. vihārassa upacāre vā upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ vā maṇḍape vā rukkhamūle vā ajjhokāse vā seyyaṃ santharati vā santharāpeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. abhinisīdati vā abhinipajjati vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. puggalike saṇghikasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. puggalike vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. puggalike puggalikasaññī aññassa puggalike āpatti dukkaṭassa. attano puggalike anāpatti.
12 anāpatti— gilāno pavisati, sītena vā uṇhena vā pīḷito pavisati, āpadāsu, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.