Vinaya Pitaka - Monastic Rules
Bhikkhu Vibhanga - Nissaggiya Pācittiya 19: The Training Rule on Trading with Money.
- Translated from the Pali by Brahmali Bhikkhu.
Origin story
1 At one time the Buddha, the Master, was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery. At that time some monks belonging to the group of six engaged in various kinds of trade with money. People grumbled and complained: “How can the Sakyan ascetics engage in various kinds of trade with money, just like householders who indulge in sensual pleasures?"
2 Monks heard the complaints of those people, and the monks of few desires … complained and criticised those monks: “How can those monks belonging to the group of six engage in various kinds of trade with money?"
3 After criticising those monks in many ways, they informed the Master. … “Is it true, monks, that you engage in various kinds of trade with money?" “It’s true, Master." The Buddha, the Master, criticised them: “ … Foolish men, how can you engage in various kinds of trade with money? This will not give rise to confidence in those without it … And, monks, this training rule should be recited thus:
Final ruling
4 “If a monk engages in various kinds of trade with money, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession."
Definitions
5 A: whoever … Monk: … The monk who is ordained by a complete Sangha through a procedure of one motion and three announcements, which is unchallengeable and fit to stand; this sort of monk is meant in this case.
6 Various kinds: what is shaped, what is not shaped, and what is both shaped and not shaped. What is shaped: what is meant for the head, what is meant for the neck, what is meant for the hands, what is meant for the feet, what is meant for the waist. What is not shaped: what is shaped in a lump is so called. What is both shaped and not shaped: both of them.
7 Money: a golden kahāpaṇa, a copper māsaka, a wooden māsaka, a resin māsaka, whatever is used in commerce.
8
Engages in: if he exchanges what is shaped with what is shaped, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges what is not shaped with what is shaped, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges what is both shaped and not shaped with what is shaped, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession.
If he exchanges what is shaped with what is not shaped, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges what is not shaped with what is not shaped, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges what is both shaped and not shaped with what is not shaped, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession.
If he exchanges what is shaped with what is both shaped and not shaped, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges what is not shaped with what is both shaped and not shaped, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges what is both shaped and not shaped with what is both shaped and not shaped, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession.
It is to be relinquished in the midst of the Sangha. “And, monks, it is to be relinquished in this way. After approaching the Sangha, that monk should put his upper robe over one shoulder and pay homage at the feet of the senior monks. He should then squat on his haunches, put the palms of his hands together, and say: ‘Bhante, I have engaged in various kinds of trade with money. This is to be relinquished. I relinquish it to the Sangha.’" After relinquishing it, he is to confess the offence. The confession should be received by an experienced and competent monk.
If a monastery attendant or a lay disciple is available, he should be told: “Look into this." If he says, “What can I get you with this?", one should not say, “Get this or that;" one should point out what is allowable: ghee, oil, honey, or molasses. If he makes a purchase and brings back what is allowable, everyone may enjoy it except the one who exchanged into money.
If this is what happens, it is well. If not, he should be told, “Discard this." If he discards it, it is well. If he does not, a monk who has five qualities is to be chosen as the money-discarder: one who is not swayed by desire, anger, delusion, or fear, and who knows what discarding and not discarding refer to.
“And, monks, this is how he should be chosen. First the monk should be asked and then an experienced and competent monk should inform the Sangha:
9 “‘Bhante, let the Sangha listen to me. If it seems appropriate to the Sangha, it should choose monk so-and-so as the money-discarder. This is the motion.
10“‘Bhante, let the Sangha listen to me. The Sangha chooses monk so-and-so as the money-discarder. Any monk who agrees to choosing monk so-and-so as the money-discarder should remain silent. Any monk who does not agree should say so.
11“‘The Sangha has chosen monks so-and-so as the money-discarder. The Sangha approves and is therefore silent. I will remember it thus.’"
12The chosen monk should drop it without taking note. If he takes note of where he drops it, he commits an offence of bad conduct.
Permutations
13If it is money, and he perceives it as money, and he exchanges it into money, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession. If it is money, but he has doubt about it, and he exchanges it into money, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession. If it is money, but he does not perceive it as money, and he exchanges it into money, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession.
If it is not money, but he perceives it as money, and he exchanges it into money, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession. If it is not money, but he has doubt about it, and he exchanges it into money, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession. If it is not money, and he does not perceive it as money, but he exchanges it into money, he commits an offence entailing relinquishment and confession.
14If it is not money, but he perceives it as money, he commits an offence of bad conduct. If it is not money, but he has doubt about it, he commits an offence of bad conduct. If it is not money, and he does not perceive it as money, there is no offence.
Non-offences
15There is no offence: if he is insane; if he is the first offender.
16The ninth rule, the training rule on trading with money, is finished.
1 tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū nānappakārakaṃ rūpiyasaṃvohāraṃ samāpajjanti. manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— "kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā nānappakārakaṃ rūpiyasaṃvohāraṃ samāpajjissanti, seyyathāpi gihī kāmabhogino"ti.
2 assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. ye te bhikkhū appicchā … pe … te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— "kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū nānappakārakaṃ rūpiyasaṃvohāraṃ samāpajjissantī"ti.
3 atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ … pe … "saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, nānappakārakaṃ rūpiyasaṃvohāraṃ samāpajjathā"ti? "saccaṃ, bhagavā"ti. vigarahi buddho bhagavā … pe … kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, nānappakārakaṃ rūpiyasaṃvohāraṃ samāpajjissatha. netaṃ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya … pe … evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyātha—
4 "yo pana bhikkhu nānappakārakaṃ rūpiyasaṃvohāraṃ samāpajjeyya, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyan"ti. (19:38)
5 yo panāti yo yādiso … pe … bhikkhūti … pe … ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
6 nānappakārakaṃ nāma katampi akatampi katākatampi. kataṃ nāma sīsūpagaṃ gīvūpagaṃ hatthūpagaṃ pādūpagaṃ kaṭūpagaṃ. akataṃ nāma ghanakataṃ vuccati. katākataṃ nāma tadubhayaṃ.
7 rūpiyaṃ nāma satthuvaṇṇo kahāpaṇo, lohamāsako, dārumāsako, jatumāsako ye vohāraṃ gacchanti.
8 samāpajjeyyāti katena kataṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. katena akataṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. katena katākataṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. akatena kataṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. akatena akataṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. akatena katākataṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. katākatena kataṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. katākatena akataṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. katākatena katākataṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. saṇghamajjhe nissajjitabbaṃ. evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṃ. tena bhikkhunā saṇghaṃ upasankamitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsangaṃ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṃ nisīditvā añjaliṃ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo— "ahaṃ, bhante, nānappakārakaṃ rūpiyasaṃvohāraṃ samāpajjiṃ. idaṃ me nissaggiyaṃ. imāhaṃ sanghassa nissajjāmī"ti. nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā. byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena āpatti paṭiggahetabbā. sace tattha āgacchati ārāmiko vā upāsako vā so vattabbo— "āvuso, imaṃ jānāhī"ti. sace so bhaṇati— "iminā kiṃ āhariyyatū"ti, na vattabbo— "imaṃ vā imaṃ vā āharā"ti. kappiyaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ— sappi vā telaṃ vā madhu vā phāṇitaṃ vā. sace so tena parivattetvā kappiyaṃ āharati, rūpiyacetāpakaṃ ṭhapetvā, sabbeheva paribhuñjitabbaṃ. evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ; no ce labhetha, so vattabbo— "āvuso, imaṃ chaḍḍehī"ti. sace so chaḍḍeti, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ; no ce chaḍḍeti, pañcahangehi samannāgato bhikkhu rūpiyachaḍḍako sammannitabbo— yo na chandāgatiṃ gaccheyya, na dosāgatiṃ gaccheyya, na mohāgatiṃ gaccheyya, na bhayāgatiṃ gaccheyya, chaḍḍitāchaḍḍitañca jāneyya. "evañca pana, bhikkhave, sammannitabbo. paṭhamaṃ bhikkhu yācitabbo. yācitvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena sangho ñāpetabbo—
9 ‘suṇātu me, bhante, sangho. yadi sanghassa pattakallaṃ, sangho itthannāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ rūpiyachaḍḍakaṃ sammanneyya. esā ñatti.
10 suṇātu me, bhante, sangho. sangho itthannāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ rūpiyachaḍḍakaṃ sammannati. yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno rūpiyachaḍḍakassa sammuti, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
11 sammato saṇghena itthannāmo bhikkhu rūpiyachaḍḍako. khamati sanghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’"ti.
12 tena sammatena bhikkhunā animittaṃ katvā pātetabbaṃ. sace nimittaṃ katvā pāteti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
13 rūpiye rūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. rūpiye vematiko rūpiyaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. rūpiye arūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. arūpiye rūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. arūpiye vematiko rūpiyaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ. arūpiye arūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṃ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
14 arūpiye rūpiyasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. arūpiye vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. arūpiye arūpiyasaññī, anāpatti.